Week 5
To Govern AI, We Must Govern Compute by Heim, Aderljung, Belfield on Lawfare (2024)
If you’re new to compute governance read through these sources.
Charting the Geopolitics and European Governance of Artificial Intelligence (Csernatoni, 2024), Carnegie Europe
Amid a global race for AI supremacy, the EU seeks to set a gold standard for AI regulation and maintain a technological edge. Doing so will require navigating a crowded landscape characterised by state and corporate competition and a fragmented regulatory regime complex.
Strategic innovation for European security part 1 Centre for Future Generations (2025)
Strengthening AI trustworthiness - Strategic innovation for European security part 3 Centre for Future Generations (2025)
This report discusses the European drone industry and counter-drone systems as technological areas which merit particular attention as the EU ramps up its efforts to strengthen its defence industry.
Part 3 of the CFG report series identifies strengthening AI trustworthiness as one of ten emerging technologies the EU should invest in to safeguard security and European values, focusing on three priorities: secure chips, trusted evaluations, and AI-powered cybersecurity systems.
The Missing Strategy in Europe's Chip Ambitions Interface (2024)
The article argues that the EU Chips Act is not a long-term semiconductor strategy with meaningful policy objectives but a collection of ideas and initiatives, requiring EU member states to develop clear strategic objectives and build administrative capacity to maintain Europe's geopolitical leverage through its leading semiconductor technology companies such as ASML.
How US Export Controls Have (and Haven't) Curbed Chinese AI | AI Frontiers
This article argues that while US chip export controls have successfully slowed down China's ability to make advanced semiconductors and compete in global AI infrastructure markets, they have failed to stop Chinese companies from creating AI models that are just as good as American ones.
AI at a Geopolitical Crossroads: The Tension Between Acceleration and Regulation by Cheatham, United States Institute of Peace (2025)
Are different perspectives on AI governance mutually exclusive or can be balanced to advance national interests and also ensure international security?
What DeepSeek Really Changes About AI Competition by Pilz and Heim, RAND Corporation (2025)
What do the new strategic challanges of DeepSeek's AI models mean for the West?
Countering AI Chip Smuggling Has Become a National Security Priority by Grunewald & Fist, Center for a New American Security (2025)
How does chip smuggling affect the US’s export control efforts and what can be done about it?
Sihao Huang on the risk that US-China AI competition leads to war by Huang (2024)
Listen to the following sections, or read the transcript:
Bottlenecks in Chinese AI development (00:22:30)
China’s semiconductor industry (00:59:47)
China’s international AI governance strategy (01:49:56)
Coordination (01:53:56)
Track two dialogues (02:03:04)
Misunderstandings Western actors have about Chinese approaches (02:07:34)
Sihao Huang discusses his work on AI governance and tech policy in China, what’s happening on the ground in China in AI development and regulation, and the importance of US–China cooperation on AI governance.
Why policy makers should beware claims of new ‘arms races’ by Belfield & Ruhl (2022)
Policy makers should examine new claims of a “race” in critical technologies dispassionately and rationally and beware of suboptimal arming in response to claims of adversary capabilities.
Avoiding an AI Arms Race with Assurance Technologies | AI Frontiers by Nora Ammann (2025)
This article proposes that the AI "assurance dilemma" can be solved through hardware-enabled mechanisms that embed verification systems directly into AI chips to monitor and prevent non-compliant usage in real-time.
Transition 2025 Series: National Security in the Age of Artificial Intelligence panel discussion with Jack Clark, Will Hurd and Adam Segal organised by the Council on Foreign Relations
Panelists discuss how artificial intelligence is reshaping the national security landscape and how government and technology leaders can respond to emerging threats.
